Oral cancer develops in the tissues of the mouth and can affect the lips, tongue, gums, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth and other parts of the oral cavity.
Early symptoms can sometimes resemble common mouth problems. A sore, patch, irritation or small lump may not seem serious at first. However, any unusual change that persists should be medically evaluated rather than ignored.
There is no single symptom that confirms oral cancer, but certain persistent changes deserve attention.
Most ordinary mouth ulcers heal within a short period. An ulcer that does not heal, repeatedly appears, bleeds or changes in appearance should be examined by a healthcare professional.
Persistent white or red patches on the tongue, gums, cheek or other areas may have several causes. Some can be associated with precancerous or cancerous changes and should be evaluated.
An unusual lump, swelling or thickening in the mouth, tongue, gums, cheek or lips should not be ignored, particularly if it persists or changes.
Unexplained pain, burning or numbness involving the mouth, lips, tongue or jaw can have several causes. Persistent symptoms require appropriate evaluation.
Difficulty chewing or swallowing, discomfort while eating or a persistent sensation of something being stuck in the throat should be medically assessed if it continues.
Difficulty moving the tongue or jaw, restricted mouth opening or changes affecting speech or chewing may require further assessment.
Unexplained loosening of a tooth, persistent gum swelling, bleeding or changes in how dentures fit should be evaluated when persistent.
Several factors can increase the risk of oral and related head and neck cancers.
Smoking and smokeless tobacco are among the major risk factors for oral cancer and can damage cells lining the mouth and throat over time.
Regular heavy alcohol consumption can increase the risk, particularly when combined with tobacco use.
Chewing betel quid and products containing areca nut, including supari, is associated with an increased risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers.
Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16, are associated with some oropharyngeal cancers. A previous history of head and neck cancer can also increase the risk of another cancer in the region.
Having a risk factor does not mean a person will develop cancer, and oral cancer can also occur without obvious risk factors.
When oral cancer is detected while it is still small and localized, treatment options may be more favourable. Early evaluation also helps doctors understand the disease and plan appropriate treatment.
Persistent symptoms should therefore not be repeatedly treated with home remedies without identifying their underlying cause.
Diagnosis generally begins with an examination of the mouth, tongue, gums, jaw and neck, along with a review of symptoms and medical history.
If an area appears suspicious, further investigations may be recommended. A biopsy can determine whether abnormal cells are cancerous, while imaging and other tests may help assess the extent and stage of the disease.
Treatment depends on factors such as:
Depending on the individual case, treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or a combination of treatments.
When surgery is required, treatment planning may also consider speech, swallowing, eating and appearance. Reconstructive procedures and rehabilitation may form an important part of care in selected cases.
At Remedy Cancer Care, Lucknow, oral and head & neck cancers are managed by a specialised team with expertise across Head & Neck Oncology, cancer surgery, ENT surgery, reconstruction and supportive care. The team includes Dr. Shahab Ali Usmani, Dr. Archit Kapoor, Dr. Abhijeet Singh and Dr. Ashutosh Pandey, bringing focused expertise in the management of complex cancers of the mouth, throat and head and neck.
The centre provides specialised care for oral cancer, mouth cancer and other head & neck cancers, including oral cancer surgery, throat and laryngeal cancer surgery, salivary gland surgery, skull base surgery and reconstructive procedures.
Eligible patients can also access cancer treatment support through Ayushman Bharat and the Chief Minister’s Fund, subject to applicable criteria.
For specialised cancer evaluation and treatment, connect with the expert team at Remedy Cancer Care, Lucknow./p>
Remedy Medicity
Health City Hospital Road, Near Captain Manoj Pandey Chauraha, Vijay Khand-2, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow
For appointments: 9236352848 / 49 / 50 ☎️ Toll Free: 1800 889 2709